Sunday, October 28, 2012

Constitutional Amendment A Joint Resolution on Severance Tax

Note:  This is the information in the Utah Voter Guide regarding the Constitutional
Amendment a Joint resolution on the 2012 ballot.

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT A
JOINT RESOLUTION ON SEVERANCE TAX
2012 GENERAL SESSION
SENATE: 26-1-2
HOUSE: 54-17-4



Shall the Utah Constitution be amended to require a portion of the revenue from all of
the state's severance taxes, excluding severance tax revenue used for Indian tribes,
to be deposited into the permanent state trust fund beginning July 1, 2016?
Constitutional Amendment A requires a portion of the state's severance tax revenue to be deposited into an existing
permanent state trust fund beginning July 1, 2016. The severance tax revenue subject to deposit into the trust fund does
not include severance tax revenue that state law designates for use by Indian tribes.
CURRENT PROVISIONS OF THE UTAH CONSTITUTION AND UTAH LAW
Permanent state trust fund
There currently exists a permanent state trust fund, which was established under a 2001 amendment to the Utah
Constitution. As provided in the Utah Constitution, money deposited into the trust fund may not be removed from
the fund unless approved by the governor and three-fourths of the Senate and House of Representatives. Money
in the trust fund is required to be invested for the benefit of the people of the state. Income earned on money in
the fund is required to be deposited into the state's General Fund to be used for general state purposes, as
determined by the Legislature.
Severance tax
Under current Utah law, the state imposes and collects a tax, called a severance tax, on those who remove oil,
gas, or minerals from land within the state. The tax is based on the amount of oil, gas, or minerals removed.
Some of the severance tax revenue generated from oil and gas removed from Indian lands is set aside to be used
for the benefit of Indian tribes in the state. The remainder of severance tax revenue is placed in the state's
General Fund to be used for general state purposes.
The total amount of severance tax revenue over the past ten years, not including the revenue used for Indian
tribes, averages about $70 million annually. State law currently requires annual severance tax revenue
exceeding a threshold of about $105 million to be deposited into the permanent state trust fund. In 2009, about
$23 million of severance tax revenue was deposited into the trust fund under that requirement and a lower
threshold then in effect.
Currently the use of severance tax revenue is governed by statute enacted by the Legislature. The Utah
Constitution does not mention severance taxes or specify how revenue from severance taxes is to be used.
EFFECT OF CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT A
Constitutional Amendment A requires a portion of the state's annual severance tax revenue, excluding severance tax
revenue used for Indian tribes, to be deposited into the permanent state trust fund beginning July 1, 2016. The portion to
be deposited into the trust fund is 25% of the first $50 million of annual severance tax revenue, 50% of the next $50
million, and 75% of all severance tax revenue over $100 million. By requiring that portion of severance tax revenue to be T TITLE
deposited into the permanent state trust fund rather than into the state's General Fund, the Amendment restricts the ability
of the Legislature to determine how that portion of the state's annual severance tax revenue is to be used.
EFFECTIVE DATE
If approved by voters, Constitutional Amendment A becomes effective January 1, 2013.

FISCAL IMPACT
Under Constitutional Amendment A, some severance tax revenue that would have been deposited into the state's
General Fund will be deposited instead into the permanent state trust fund. Total General Fund revenue is therefore
reduced in any fiscal year by the amount of severance tax revenue deposited into the permanent state trust fund during
that year. Once that revenue is in the permanent state trust fund, it is invested to generate income. Any income
generated is required to be deposited into the state's General Fund. The income deposited into the General Fund,
therefore, acts to offset any reduction to the General Fund that results from severance tax revenue being deposited into
the permanent state trust fund.
Based on current estimates of future annual severance tax revenue and assuming that the amount remains constant,
approximately $36 million of severance tax revenue will be deposited annually into the permanent state trust fund
beginning July 1, 2016. That $36 million annual deposit into the permanent state trust fund will result in an annual
decrease of that amount to the state's General Fund. The amount of that annual decrease will diminish over time as
income on trust fund money increases. By 2044, the decrease in General Fund revenue resulting from annual severance
tax revenue deposits into the permanent state trust fund will be eliminated, because income on trust fund money being
deposited into the General Fund will equal or exceed the amount of severance tax revenue being deposited into the
permanent state trust. These calculations are based on an assumed 3.5% annual rate of return on money in the
permanent state trust fund.
The bipartisan supporters of Constitutional Amendment A believe Utah’s natural resources belong to all generations, not
just ours. A vote FOR Constitutional Amendment A is a vote FOR investing a portion of our natural-resource revenues for
future generations.
Utah collects severance taxes on oil, gas, and minerals extracted from our lands. States like Wyoming and New Mexico
do the same. For decades they’ve invested a portion of those revenues. Today they each have funds worth billions. By
comparison, Utah’s trust fund amounts to $120 million—barely more than a year’s worth of severance taxes.
Today, rather than add to our investment fund, we spend what we collect each year. This is unwise on two counts:
1. Revenues rise and fall sharply as commodity prices and extraction activities fluctuate. Spending all of our
severance tax receipts when revenues are up leads to program cutbacks when revenues decline.
2. Severance taxes come from non-renewable resources. One day, non-renewable resources and associated
revenues will shrink and ultimately disappear. At that point, if we haven’t invested any severance tax revenues for
them, future generations will do without.
When 66% of voters approved a similar amendment in 2008, our goal in doing so was to increase our investments for
future generations. Unfortunately, that is not happening. The 2008 amendment allowed Utah to invest severance tax
revenues into the Permanent State Trust Fund. An associated statute required that combined severance taxes in excess
of $98.6 million annually be invested in the trust fund. Once invested, fund earnings could be used, but principal could be
spent only in case of emergency, with concurrence of three-fourths of both House and Senate, plus the Governor.
Undoing the intent of the voters in 2008, the 2011 Legislature increased the total allocated for annual spending to $104.6
million. As a result, we spend everything and invest nothing. It only took a simple majority to enact this 2011 formula
change. The same could readily happen again without Constitutional Amendment A.
ARGUMENT FOR
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT A (CONTINUED)
33
In keeping with the will of the voters, Constitutional Amendment A does the following:
Invests a set portion of all severance taxes directly into the trust fund. Earnings will benefit each future generation
increasingly.
Establishes a base investment formula that can’t be changed by a simple majority of the Legislature.
Delays the effective date of the investment formula until FY 2017 to allow phased implementation.
Continues the trust fund’s role as a very secure reserve, backing up our rainy day funds, which can be tapped
only in case of emergency with supermajority approval.
One day Utah’s severance taxes will be gone. We owe it to the generation that will experience this decrease in revenue to
start planning today. Join us in voting for Constitutional Amendment A to save some of our severance tax dollars. If we
truly are the best-managed state in the union, it is time to invest in our children’s future.
Representative Jim Nielson
Sponsor
Senator Lyle Hillyard
Senate Sponsor

Utah typically sets aside part of the revenue generated from natural resource extraction for future use. The amount of
these funds, which are deposited into the Permanent Trust Fund, will grow substantially as oil and gas prices rise in
coming years.
Utah also has boosted its Rainy Day Funds by tens of millions of dollars every year that a budget surplus exists. The
success of Utah’s planning for the future was evident during the recession. The balance of the Rainy Day Funds never
dropped below $209 million –50% of its all-time record high. This provided a financial cushion to the state.
This recent experience illustrates that Utah already embraces a prudent approach to budgeting. This approach allows
lawmakers to balance pressing current needs with concern for the future, and to quickly make adjustments as conditions
change.
Constitutional Amendment A would upset this balance, permanently reducing Utah's ability to address economic
downturns. Should this measure be approved, the next time the state faces an unforeseen downturn it could be forced to
either raise taxes or make deeper cuts in critical services affecting neighborhood schools, universities, state parks, courts,
and the Utah Highway Patrol.
The current constitutional language – approved by voters in 2008 – allows public officials to assess existing conditions,
listen to the views of their constituents, and make careful decisions about the appropriate balance between Utah’s current
and future needs.
Vote NO on Constitutional Amendment A. Utah will benefit from maintaining flexibility as it faces the economic
challenges of the future.
Representative David Litvack
Minority Leader, Utah House of Representatives
ARGUMENT AGAINST
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT A (CONTINUED)
34
COMPLETE TEXT CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT A
JOINT RESOLUTION ON SEVERANCE TAX
2012 GENERAL SESSION
UTAH CONSTITUTION SECTIONS AFFECTED:
AMENDS:
ARTICLE XIII, SECTION 5
ARTICLE XXII, SECTION 4
Be it resolved by the Legislature of the state of Utah, two-thirds of all members elected to each of the two houses voting in
favor thereof:
Section 1. It is proposed to amend Utah Constitution Article XIII, Section 5, to read:
Article XIII, Section 5. [Use and amount of taxes and expenditures.]
(1) The Legislature shall provide by statute for an annual tax sufficient, with other revenues, to defray the estimated
ordinary expenses of the State for each fiscal year.
(2) (a) For any fiscal year, the Legislature may not make an appropriation or authorize an expenditure if the State's
expenditure exceeds the total tax provided for by statute and applicable to the particular appropriation or expenditure.
Utah Voter Guide Page 31

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